Is it a good idea to grow corn on a street? A professor of landscape architecture with Peking University who got his doctorate at Harvard thinks it is. And he has done that: growing rice in an architecture college campus in Shenyang in northeast China.
Old land, modern identity
In his video interview with People’s Daily Online on August 27, Dr. Yu Kongjian lashed the preference for grandeur in China’s urban landscape, which he describes as a "dead, fake, cosmetic feudalism culture only for the upper-class". His office where the interview took place is located in Shangdi, a high-tech park in Zhongguancun which is recognized as China’s "silicon valley".
The Red Ribbon --- Tanghe River Park in Qinghuangdao, Hebei Province, designed by Turenscape and Graduate School of Landscape Architecture of Peking University, both led by Dr. Yu Kongjian, wins 2007 ASLA Design Honor Award.
"We have to advance, to modernize to find the contemporary Chinese identity," he said. And that identity, he believes, lies in the authentic relationship between land and people.
He is concerned about the detachment from the land. "We are building buildings and cities, not homes. We get lost when we are cut from our history, community and the universe," he said. And it is the land that plays the key role in connecting people with the history, community and universe.
Dr. Yu is apparently fascinated with the land and anything that grows from the land. He said human being is a land animal and Chinese people, in particular, were living on land for thousands of years before China began its industrialization process only decades ago.
He always uses weeds or rice in his designs. And sugarcanes will be used in his project in Xiamen, a coastal city in southeast China. "Why don’t we use native grass or fruit trees? They are as beautiful as or even more beautiful than those expensive imported grass, flowers or artificial rockeries," he said, "and they are productive, do not need much special care or water."
Corn grows from the values
Yu calls for attention to the daily life of ordinary people. "Who need landscape, emperors or people? And what is needed for people, those styles promoted by emperors of Qianlong or Kangxi?" he asked.
But the grassroots he really cares seem to enjoy those traditional China elements: artificial gardens with artificial bridges, artificial streams, artificial rockeries and fruit trees that blossom but do not bear fruits. Those designs prevail in residential complex in cities.
"That is because the history is written by elites, not by ordinary people", Yu argued. Chinese culture, he remarked, classifies plants by whether it is noble or not. For example, peony is regarded as "noble" and was always treasured by those "emperors" in ancient China.
So values are the only problem of growing corns on the street, he thinks. He hopes that the whole community would realize that how important it is to put the sustainability, affordability, productivity and energy efficiency on the top of the agenda. For him, that underlies the identity of modern China.
Controversies
China elements are actually highlighted in his designs. Besides those rice, corn and weeds, bold colors, especially red, are also his favorites. Those are combined with very modern, simple geometric architectures in his designs.
That contrast has sparkled controversy in his home country but are widely applauded internationally. His Turenscape, which provides landscape, urban planning and architecture design services for local governments, has won five prizes of the American Society of Landscape Architecture (ASLA), the top honor in the landscape field.
He also criticized the CCTV towers and the National Grand Theater, saying they are a show-off of technologies. "Technologies are for use, not for showing," he noted.
He is trying to promote his idea both around China and globally. He is on a global itinerant literature on the Art of Survival: recovering landscape architecture. What he wants to recover is the attachment of people with the land through restoring the harmonious ecological environment.